Renita Barbee has begun packing up the belongings in her rented South Los Angeles home. She was trying hard to hold her composure as she told her story the other day. But at times, her eyes filled.
"When I found this place, I fell in love," said Barbee, who moved into the three-bedroom, two-bath brown stucco home four years ago with her husband, daughter and mother.
But the latest monthly rent increase, a $200-plus jump, kicks in this December, and the Los Angeles city dispatcher said she can't handle that despite a decent annual salary of roughly $78,000.
"We just don't have the money to pay it," said Barbee, who's not sure where the family will find something affordable. Her husband, a plumber, has had two strokes and her mother, whose Social Security check helped pay the bills, just died.
Barbee and her family are among the thousands of losers in California's real estate economy, as rents rise way faster than wages, displacing low- and middle-income families and transforming neighborhoods in a way that one observer called "white flight reversal."
But not everyone is losing.
When neighborhoods gentrify and rents and property values spike, landlords, developers and speculators cash in.
In City Terrace, Carolina Rodriguez has a sign in her window telling neighbors the landlord is trying to kick her family of eight out of a two-bedroom, one-bath house, with a rent increase from $1,250 a month to $2,000. She's staying put for now, pending the outcome of a lawsuit against her landlords.
Thanks to the financial opportunities created by the epic housing crash several years ago, profits continue to pour in for corporations that bought distressed and foreclosed homes.
Steve Schwarzman, chief executive of the Wall Street equity firm Blackstone, has been called "America's landlord" because of the company's vast multibillion-dollar commercial and residential real estate holdings. Blackstone subsidiaries own tens of thousands of single-family rentals, which have helped drive the firm's multibillion-dollar growth.
Including the home Renita Barbee lives in.
"Single-family rentals are a hot asset class," said Amy Schur of the Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment.
Schur said Blackstone companies control more than 14,000 rental properties in California, many of them in working-class neighborhoods with a high percentage of minority residents. She said several other corporations are in the market, too, and that investors can buy stakes in those companies.
"You're talking about a shift from mom-and-pop landlords to the financialization of housing," said Schur, and one impact is that individual home buyers are crowded out of the market by corporate buyers. That leaves them scrambling to cover ever-rising rents.
To be fair, when it comes to landlords, there are good ones and bad ones, and that includes the moms and pops. For that matter, there are good and bad tenants, too.
But a hookup this summer between Blackstone's Invitation Homes and Starwood Waypoint, which had just married another residential company, created a huge conglomerate. Investors naturally want a return on their money, and one obvious way to keep them happy is to raise rents.
On Oct. 18, Schur's organization sent a letter to Schwarzman asking for a meeting to discuss "historic displacement" of "working-class communities of color." Included in the letter were details of steep rent increases for several Blackstone tenants, including Willie Brister of South Los Angeles.
Brister, an administrative assistant for the Department of Veterans Affairs, told me she paid $1,850 to rent her house four years ago, got a $500 monthly increase at one point, pays $2,700 now and will have to pay $2,890 in December. Brister said she was told by her property manager that the rent increase is consistent with market trends.
Blackstone, as you might have guessed, sees itself as a positive force rather than a profiteer. A spokesman told me the pace of corporate buying has slowed dramatically and constitutes a tiny fraction of single-family rental ownership in the U.S. That's true, although the recent mergers make it a bigger force.
The Blackstone spokesman said Invitation Homes, a Blackstone subsidiary, has invested an average of $25,000 per house in renovations.
"Those investments not only benefit residents by providing high-quality homes near good schools and good jobs, but also played a critical role in stabilizing local housing markets, and spurring local economic growth and job creation," said the Blackstone spokesman.
The way I look at it, the problem for renters is not what landlords — corporate or individual — are doing. It's what lawmakers are not doing. Legislators took a small step to alleviate the affordable housing crisis this year with a package of modest bills, but they don't offer much relief to people who need it in a hurry.
Carolina Rodriguez's rent went from $1,250 to $2,000 because there's no limit on how much of an increase her landlord can charge. Barbee's and Brister's rents are going up and will continue to do so because there's nothing they or anyone else can do about it.
Developers, landlords and investors have a right to make money, but a virtually unregulated free market has helped saddle California with the nation's highest poverty rate when cost of living is factored in.
"I'm in the camp that says we need dramatic intervention to protect low- and moderate-income people so they can maintain a space in our city," said Scott Cummings, a law professor at the University of California, Los Angeles.
